/* * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package com.android.internal.widget; import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Paint; import android.graphics.RectF; import android.graphics.Paint.FontMetricsInt; import android.hardware.input.InputManager; import android.hardware.input.InputManager.InputDeviceListener; import android.os.SystemProperties; import android.util.Log; import android.view.InputDevice; import android.view.KeyEvent; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.VelocityTracker; import android.view.View; import android.view.ViewConfiguration; import android.view.MotionEvent.PointerCoords; import java.util.ArrayList; public class PointerLocationView extends View implements InputDeviceListener { private static final String TAG = "Pointer"; // The system property key used to specify an alternate velocity tracker strategy // to plot alongside the default one. Useful for testing and comparison purposes. private static final String ALT_STRATEGY_PROPERY_KEY = "debug.velocitytracker.alt"; public static class PointerState { // Trace of previous points. private float[] mTraceX = new float[32]; private float[] mTraceY = new float[32]; private int mTraceCount; // True if the pointer is down. private boolean mCurDown; // Most recent coordinates. private PointerCoords mCoords = new PointerCoords(); private int mToolType; // Most recent velocity. private float mXVelocity; private float mYVelocity; private float mAltXVelocity; private float mAltYVelocity; // Current bounding box, if any private boolean mHasBoundingBox; private float mBoundingLeft; private float mBoundingTop; private float mBoundingRight; private float mBoundingBottom; // Position estimator. private VelocityTracker.Estimator mEstimator = new VelocityTracker.Estimator(); private VelocityTracker.Estimator mAltEstimator = new VelocityTracker.Estimator(); public void clearTrace() { mTraceCount = 0; } public void addTrace(float x, float y) { int traceCapacity = mTraceX.length; if (mTraceCount == traceCapacity) { traceCapacity *= 2; float[] newTraceX = new float[traceCapacity]; System.arraycopy(mTraceX, 0, newTraceX, 0, mTraceCount); mTraceX = newTraceX; float[] newTraceY = new float[traceCapacity]; System.arraycopy(mTraceY, 0, newTraceY, 0, mTraceCount); mTraceY = newTraceY; } mTraceX[mTraceCount] = x; mTraceY[mTraceCount] = y; mTraceCount += 1; } } private final int ESTIMATE_PAST_POINTS = 4; private final int ESTIMATE_FUTURE_POINTS = 2; private final float ESTIMATE_INTERVAL = 0.02f; private final InputManager mIm; private final ViewConfiguration mVC; private final Paint mTextPaint; private final Paint mTextBackgroundPaint; private final Paint mTextLevelPaint; private final Paint mPaint; private final Paint mTargetPaint; private final Paint mPathPaint; private final FontMetricsInt mTextMetrics = new FontMetricsInt(); private int mHeaderBottom; private boolean mCurDown; private int mCurNumPointers; private int mMaxNumPointers; private int mActivePointerId; private final ArrayList mPointers = new ArrayList(); private final PointerCoords mTempCoords = new PointerCoords(); private final VelocityTracker mVelocity; private final VelocityTracker mAltVelocity; private final FasterStringBuilder mText = new FasterStringBuilder(); private boolean mPrintCoords = true; public PointerLocationView(Context c) { super(c); setFocusableInTouchMode(true); mIm = (InputManager)c.getSystemService(Context.INPUT_SERVICE); mVC = ViewConfiguration.get(c); mTextPaint = new Paint(); mTextPaint.setAntiAlias(true); mTextPaint.setTextSize(10 * getResources().getDisplayMetrics().density); mTextPaint.setARGB(255, 0, 0, 0); mTextBackgroundPaint = new Paint(); mTextBackgroundPaint.setAntiAlias(false); mTextBackgroundPaint.setARGB(128, 255, 255, 255); mTextLevelPaint = new Paint(); mTextLevelPaint.setAntiAlias(false); mTextLevelPaint.setARGB(192, 255, 0, 0); mPaint = new Paint(); mPaint.setAntiAlias(true); mPaint.setARGB(255, 255, 255, 255); mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE); mPaint.setStrokeWidth(2); mTargetPaint = new Paint(); mTargetPaint.setAntiAlias(false); mTargetPaint.setARGB(255, 0, 0, 192); mPathPaint = new Paint(); mPathPaint.setAntiAlias(false); mPathPaint.setARGB(255, 0, 96, 255); mPaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE); mPaint.setStrokeWidth(1); PointerState ps = new PointerState(); mPointers.add(ps); mActivePointerId = 0; mVelocity = VelocityTracker.obtain(); String altStrategy = SystemProperties.get(ALT_STRATEGY_PROPERY_KEY); if (altStrategy.length() != 0) { Log.d(TAG, "Comparing default velocity tracker strategy with " + altStrategy); mAltVelocity = VelocityTracker.obtain(altStrategy); } else { mAltVelocity = null; } } public void setPrintCoords(boolean state) { mPrintCoords = state; } @Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); mTextPaint.getFontMetricsInt(mTextMetrics); mHeaderBottom = -mTextMetrics.ascent+mTextMetrics.descent+2; if (false) { Log.i("foo", "Metrics: ascent=" + mTextMetrics.ascent + " descent=" + mTextMetrics.descent + " leading=" + mTextMetrics.leading + " top=" + mTextMetrics.top + " bottom=" + mTextMetrics.bottom); } } // Draw an oval. When angle is 0 radians, orients the major axis vertically, // angles less than or greater than 0 radians rotate the major axis left or right. private RectF mReusableOvalRect = new RectF(); private void drawOval(Canvas canvas, float x, float y, float major, float minor, float angle, Paint paint) { canvas.save(Canvas.MATRIX_SAVE_FLAG); canvas.rotate((float) (angle * 180 / Math.PI), x, y); mReusableOvalRect.left = x - minor / 2; mReusableOvalRect.right = x + minor / 2; mReusableOvalRect.top = y - major / 2; mReusableOvalRect.bottom = y + major / 2; canvas.drawOval(mReusableOvalRect, paint); canvas.restore(); } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { final int w = getWidth(); final int itemW = w/7; final int base = -mTextMetrics.ascent+1; final int bottom = mHeaderBottom; final int NP = mPointers.size(); // Labels if (mActivePointerId >= 0) { final PointerState ps = mPointers.get(mActivePointerId); canvas.drawRect(0, 0, itemW-1, bottom,mTextBackgroundPaint); canvas.drawText(mText.clear() .append("P: ").append(mCurNumPointers) .append(" / ").append(mMaxNumPointers) .toString(), 1, base, mTextPaint); final int N = ps.mTraceCount; if ((mCurDown && ps.mCurDown) || N == 0) { canvas.drawRect(itemW, 0, (itemW * 2) - 1, bottom, mTextBackgroundPaint); canvas.drawText(mText.clear() .append("X: ").append(ps.mCoords.x, 1) .toString(), 1 + itemW, base, mTextPaint); canvas.drawRect(itemW * 2, 0, (itemW * 3) - 1, bottom, mTextBackgroundPaint); canvas.drawText(mText.clear() .append("Y: ").append(ps.mCoords.y, 1) .toString(), 1 + itemW * 2, base, mTextPaint); } else { float dx = ps.mTraceX[N - 1] - ps.mTraceX[0]; float dy = ps.mTraceY[N - 1] - ps.mTraceY[0]; canvas.drawRect(itemW, 0, (itemW * 2) - 1, bottom, Math.abs(dx) < mVC.getScaledTouchSlop() ? mTextBackgroundPaint : mTextLevelPaint); canvas.drawText(mText.clear() .append("dX: ").append(dx, 1) .toString(), 1 + itemW, base, mTextPaint); canvas.drawRect(itemW * 2, 0, (itemW * 3) - 1, bottom, Math.abs(dy) < mVC.getScaledTouchSlop() ? mTextBackgroundPaint : mTextLevelPaint); canvas.drawText(mText.clear() .append("dY: ").append(dy, 1) .toString(), 1 + itemW * 2, base, mTextPaint); } canvas.drawRect(itemW * 3, 0, (itemW * 4) - 1, bottom, mTextBackgroundPaint); canvas.drawText(mText.clear() .append("Xv: ").append(ps.mXVelocity, 3) .toString(), 1 + itemW * 3, base, mTextPaint); canvas.drawRect(itemW * 4, 0, (itemW * 5) - 1, bottom, mTextBackgroundPaint); canvas.drawText(mText.clear() .append("Yv: ").append(ps.mYVelocity, 3) .toString(), 1 + itemW * 4, base, mTextPaint); canvas.drawRect(itemW * 5, 0, (itemW * 6) - 1, bottom, mTextBackgroundPaint); canvas.drawRect(itemW * 5, 0, (itemW * 5) + (ps.mCoords.pressure * itemW) - 1, bottom, mTextLevelPaint); canvas.drawText(mText.clear() .append("Prs: ").append(ps.mCoords.pressure, 2) .toString(), 1 + itemW * 5, base, mTextPaint); canvas.drawRect(itemW * 6, 0, w, bottom, mTextBackgroundPaint); canvas.drawRect(itemW * 6, 0, (itemW * 6) + (ps.mCoords.size * itemW) - 1, bottom, mTextLevelPaint); canvas.drawText(mText.clear() .append("Size: ").append(ps.mCoords.size, 2) .toString(), 1 + itemW * 6, base, mTextPaint); } // Pointer trace. for (int p = 0; p < NP; p++) { final PointerState ps = mPointers.get(p); // Draw path. final int N = ps.mTraceCount; float lastX = 0, lastY = 0; boolean haveLast = false; boolean drawn = false; mPaint.setARGB(255, 128, 255, 255); for (int i=0; i < N; i++) { float x = ps.mTraceX[i]; float y = ps.mTraceY[i]; if (Float.isNaN(x)) { haveLast = false; continue; } if (haveLast) { canvas.drawLine(lastX, lastY, x, y, mPathPaint); canvas.drawPoint(lastX, lastY, mPaint); drawn = true; } lastX = x; lastY = y; haveLast = true; } if (drawn) { // Draw movement estimate curve. mPaint.setARGB(128, 128, 0, 128); float lx = ps.mEstimator.estimateX(-ESTIMATE_PAST_POINTS * ESTIMATE_INTERVAL); float ly = ps.mEstimator.estimateY(-ESTIMATE_PAST_POINTS * ESTIMATE_INTERVAL); for (int i = -ESTIMATE_PAST_POINTS + 1; i <= ESTIMATE_FUTURE_POINTS; i++) { float x = ps.mEstimator.estimateX(i * ESTIMATE_INTERVAL); float y = ps.mEstimator.estimateY(i * ESTIMATE_INTERVAL); canvas.drawLine(lx, ly, x, y, mPaint); lx = x; ly = y; } // Draw velocity vector. mPaint.setARGB(255, 255, 64, 128); float xVel = ps.mXVelocity * (1000 / 60); float yVel = ps.mYVelocity * (1000 / 60); canvas.drawLine(lastX, lastY, lastX + xVel, lastY + yVel, mPaint); // Draw alternate estimate. if (mAltVelocity != null) { mPaint.setARGB(128, 0, 128, 128); lx = ps.mAltEstimator.estimateX(-ESTIMATE_PAST_POINTS * ESTIMATE_INTERVAL); ly = ps.mAltEstimator.estimateY(-ESTIMATE_PAST_POINTS * ESTIMATE_INTERVAL); for (int i = -ESTIMATE_PAST_POINTS + 1; i <= ESTIMATE_FUTURE_POINTS; i++) { float x = ps.mAltEstimator.estimateX(i * ESTIMATE_INTERVAL); float y = ps.mAltEstimator.estimateY(i * ESTIMATE_INTERVAL); canvas.drawLine(lx, ly, x, y, mPaint); lx = x; ly = y; } mPaint.setARGB(255, 64, 255, 128); xVel = ps.mAltXVelocity * (1000 / 60); yVel = ps.mAltYVelocity * (1000 / 60); canvas.drawLine(lastX, lastY, lastX + xVel, lastY + yVel, mPaint); } } if (mCurDown && ps.mCurDown) { // Draw crosshairs. canvas.drawLine(0, ps.mCoords.y, getWidth(), ps.mCoords.y, mTargetPaint); canvas.drawLine(ps.mCoords.x, 0, ps.mCoords.x, getHeight(), mTargetPaint); // Draw current point. int pressureLevel = (int)(ps.mCoords.pressure * 255); mPaint.setARGB(255, pressureLevel, 255, 255 - pressureLevel); canvas.drawPoint(ps.mCoords.x, ps.mCoords.y, mPaint); // Draw current touch ellipse. mPaint.setARGB(255, pressureLevel, 255 - pressureLevel, 128); drawOval(canvas, ps.mCoords.x, ps.mCoords.y, ps.mCoords.touchMajor, ps.mCoords.touchMinor, ps.mCoords.orientation, mPaint); // Draw current tool ellipse. mPaint.setARGB(255, pressureLevel, 128, 255 - pressureLevel); drawOval(canvas, ps.mCoords.x, ps.mCoords.y, ps.mCoords.toolMajor, ps.mCoords.toolMinor, ps.mCoords.orientation, mPaint); // Draw the orientation arrow. float arrowSize = ps.mCoords.toolMajor * 0.7f; if (arrowSize < 20) { arrowSize = 20; } mPaint.setARGB(255, pressureLevel, 255, 0); float orientationVectorX = (float) (Math.sin(ps.mCoords.orientation) * arrowSize); float orientationVectorY = (float) (-Math.cos(ps.mCoords.orientation) * arrowSize); if (ps.mToolType == MotionEvent.TOOL_TYPE_STYLUS || ps.mToolType == MotionEvent.TOOL_TYPE_ERASER) { // Show full circle orientation. canvas.drawLine(ps.mCoords.x, ps.mCoords.y, ps.mCoords.x + orientationVectorX, ps.mCoords.y + orientationVectorY, mPaint); } else { // Show half circle orientation. canvas.drawLine( ps.mCoords.x - orientationVectorX, ps.mCoords.y - orientationVectorY, ps.mCoords.x + orientationVectorX, ps.mCoords.y + orientationVectorY, mPaint); } // Draw the tilt point along the orientation arrow. float tiltScale = (float) Math.sin( ps.mCoords.getAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_TILT)); canvas.drawCircle( ps.mCoords.x + orientationVectorX * tiltScale, ps.mCoords.y + orientationVectorY * tiltScale, 3.0f, mPaint); // Draw the current bounding box if (ps.mHasBoundingBox) { canvas.drawRect(ps.mBoundingLeft, ps.mBoundingTop, ps.mBoundingRight, ps.mBoundingBottom, mPaint); } } } } private void logMotionEvent(String type, MotionEvent event) { final int action = event.getAction(); final int N = event.getHistorySize(); final int NI = event.getPointerCount(); for (int historyPos = 0; historyPos < N; historyPos++) { for (int i = 0; i < NI; i++) { final int id = event.getPointerId(i); event.getHistoricalPointerCoords(i, historyPos, mTempCoords); logCoords(type, action, i, mTempCoords, id, event); } } for (int i = 0; i < NI; i++) { final int id = event.getPointerId(i); event.getPointerCoords(i, mTempCoords); logCoords(type, action, i, mTempCoords, id, event); } } private void logCoords(String type, int action, int index, MotionEvent.PointerCoords coords, int id, MotionEvent event) { final int toolType = event.getToolType(index); final int buttonState = event.getButtonState(); final String prefix; switch (action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK) { case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: prefix = "DOWN"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: prefix = "UP"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: prefix = "MOVE"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL: prefix = "CANCEL"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_OUTSIDE: prefix = "OUTSIDE"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN: if (index == ((action & MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_MASK) >> MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT)) { prefix = "DOWN"; } else { prefix = "MOVE"; } break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_UP: if (index == ((action & MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_MASK) >> MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT)) { prefix = "UP"; } else { prefix = "MOVE"; } break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_MOVE: prefix = "HOVER MOVE"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_ENTER: prefix = "HOVER ENTER"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_HOVER_EXIT: prefix = "HOVER EXIT"; break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_SCROLL: prefix = "SCROLL"; break; default: prefix = Integer.toString(action); break; } Log.i(TAG, mText.clear() .append(type).append(" id ").append(id + 1) .append(": ") .append(prefix) .append(" (").append(coords.x, 3).append(", ").append(coords.y, 3) .append(") Pressure=").append(coords.pressure, 3) .append(" Size=").append(coords.size, 3) .append(" TouchMajor=").append(coords.touchMajor, 3) .append(" TouchMinor=").append(coords.touchMinor, 3) .append(" ToolMajor=").append(coords.toolMajor, 3) .append(" ToolMinor=").append(coords.toolMinor, 3) .append(" Orientation=").append((float)(coords.orientation * 180 / Math.PI), 1) .append("deg") .append(" Tilt=").append((float)( coords.getAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_TILT) * 180 / Math.PI), 1) .append("deg") .append(" Distance=").append(coords.getAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_DISTANCE), 1) .append(" VScroll=").append(coords.getAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_VSCROLL), 1) .append(" HScroll=").append(coords.getAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_HSCROLL), 1) .append(" BoundingBox=[(") .append(event.getAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_GENERIC_1), 3) .append(", ").append(event.getAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_GENERIC_2), 3).append(")") .append(", (").append(event.getAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_GENERIC_3), 3) .append(", ").append(event.getAxisValue(MotionEvent.AXIS_GENERIC_4), 3) .append(")]") .append(" ToolType=").append(MotionEvent.toolTypeToString(toolType)) .append(" ButtonState=").append(MotionEvent.buttonStateToString(buttonState)) .toString()); } public void addPointerEvent(MotionEvent event) { final int action = event.getAction(); int NP = mPointers.size(); if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN || (action & MotionEvent.ACTION_MASK) == MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_DOWN) { final int index = (action & MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_MASK) >> MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT; // will be 0 for down if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) { for (int p=0; p> MotionEvent.ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT; // will be 0 for UP final int id = event.getPointerId(index); final PointerState ps = mPointers.get(id); ps.mCurDown = false; if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP || action == MotionEvent.ACTION_CANCEL) { mCurDown = false; mCurNumPointers = 0; } else { mCurNumPointers -= 1; if (mActivePointerId == id) { mActivePointerId = event.getPointerId(index == 0 ? 1 : 0); } ps.addTrace(Float.NaN, Float.NaN); } } invalidate(); } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { addPointerEvent(event); if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN && !isFocused()) { requestFocus(); } return true; } @Override public boolean onGenericMotionEvent(MotionEvent event) { final int source = event.getSource(); if ((source & InputDevice.SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER) != 0) { addPointerEvent(event); } else if ((source & InputDevice.SOURCE_CLASS_JOYSTICK) != 0) { logMotionEvent("Joystick", event); } else if ((source & InputDevice.SOURCE_CLASS_POSITION) != 0) { logMotionEvent("Position", event); } else { logMotionEvent("Generic", event); } return true; } @Override public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) { if (shouldLogKey(keyCode)) { final int repeatCount = event.getRepeatCount(); if (repeatCount == 0) { Log.i(TAG, "Key Down: " + event); } else { Log.i(TAG, "Key Repeat #" + repeatCount + ": " + event); } return true; } return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event); } @Override public boolean onKeyUp(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) { if (shouldLogKey(keyCode)) { Log.i(TAG, "Key Up: " + event); return true; } return super.onKeyUp(keyCode, event); } private static boolean shouldLogKey(int keyCode) { switch (keyCode) { case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_UP: case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_DOWN: case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_LEFT: case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_RIGHT: case KeyEvent.KEYCODE_DPAD_CENTER: return true; default: return KeyEvent.isGamepadButton(keyCode) || KeyEvent.isModifierKey(keyCode); } } @Override public boolean onTrackballEvent(MotionEvent event) { logMotionEvent("Trackball", event); return true; } @Override protected void onAttachedToWindow() { super.onAttachedToWindow(); mIm.registerInputDeviceListener(this, getHandler()); logInputDevices(); } @Override protected void onDetachedFromWindow() { super.onDetachedFromWindow(); mIm.unregisterInputDeviceListener(this); } @Override public void onInputDeviceAdded(int deviceId) { logInputDeviceState(deviceId, "Device Added"); } @Override public void onInputDeviceChanged(int deviceId) { logInputDeviceState(deviceId, "Device Changed"); } @Override public void onInputDeviceRemoved(int deviceId) { logInputDeviceState(deviceId, "Device Removed"); } private void logInputDevices() { int[] deviceIds = InputDevice.getDeviceIds(); for (int i = 0; i < deviceIds.length; i++) { logInputDeviceState(deviceIds[i], "Device Enumerated"); } } private void logInputDeviceState(int deviceId, String state) { InputDevice device = mIm.getInputDevice(deviceId); if (device != null) { Log.i(TAG, state + ": " + device); } else { Log.i(TAG, state + ": " + deviceId); } } // HACK // A quick and dirty string builder implementation optimized for GC. // Using String.format causes the application grind to a halt when // more than a couple of pointers are down due to the number of // temporary objects allocated while formatting strings for drawing or logging. private static final class FasterStringBuilder { private char[] mChars; private int mLength; public FasterStringBuilder() { mChars = new char[64]; } public FasterStringBuilder clear() { mLength = 0; return this; } public FasterStringBuilder append(String value) { final int valueLength = value.length(); final int index = reserve(valueLength); value.getChars(0, valueLength, mChars, index); mLength += valueLength; return this; } public FasterStringBuilder append(int value) { return append(value, 0); } public FasterStringBuilder append(int value, int zeroPadWidth) { final boolean negative = value < 0; if (negative) { value = - value; if (value < 0) { append("-2147483648"); return this; } } int index = reserve(11); final char[] chars = mChars; if (value == 0) { chars[index++] = '0'; mLength += 1; return this; } if (negative) { chars[index++] = '-'; } int divisor = 1000000000; int numberWidth = 10; while (value < divisor) { divisor /= 10; numberWidth -= 1; if (numberWidth < zeroPadWidth) { chars[index++] = '0'; } } do { int digit = value / divisor; value -= digit * divisor; divisor /= 10; chars[index++] = (char) (digit + '0'); } while (divisor != 0); mLength = index; return this; } public FasterStringBuilder append(float value, int precision) { int scale = 1; for (int i = 0; i < precision; i++) { scale *= 10; } value = (float) (Math.rint(value * scale) / scale); append((int) value); if (precision != 0) { append("."); value = Math.abs(value); value -= Math.floor(value); append((int) (value * scale), precision); } return this; } @Override public String toString() { return new String(mChars, 0, mLength); } private int reserve(int length) { final int oldLength = mLength; final int newLength = mLength + length; final char[] oldChars = mChars; final int oldCapacity = oldChars.length; if (newLength > oldCapacity) { final int newCapacity = oldCapacity * 2; final char[] newChars = new char[newCapacity]; System.arraycopy(oldChars, 0, newChars, 0, oldLength); mChars = newChars; } return oldLength; } } }