* This class models a single instantaneous point on the time-line. * This might be used to record event time-stamps in the application. *
* The range of an instant requires the storage of a number larger than a {@code long}. * To achieve this, the class stores a {@code long} representing epoch-seconds and an * {@code int} representing nanosecond-of-second, which will always be between 0 and 999,999,999. * The epoch-seconds are measured from the standard Java epoch of {@code 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z} * where instants after the epoch have positive values, and earlier instants have negative values. * For both the epoch-second and nanosecond parts, a larger value is always later on the time-line * than a smaller value. * *
* The length of the solar day is the standard way that humans measure time. * This has traditionally been subdivided into 24 hours of 60 minutes of 60 seconds, * forming a 86400 second day. *
* Modern timekeeping is based on atomic clocks which precisely define an SI second * relative to the transitions of a Caesium atom. The length of an SI second was defined * to be very close to the 86400th fraction of a day. *
* Unfortunately, as the Earth rotates the length of the day varies. * In addition, over time the average length of the day is getting longer as the Earth slows. * As a result, the length of a solar day in 2012 is slightly longer than 86400 SI seconds. * The actual length of any given day and the amount by which the Earth is slowing * are not predictable and can only be determined by measurement. * The UT1 time-scale captures the accurate length of day, but is only available some * time after the day has completed. *
* The UTC time-scale is a standard approach to bundle up all the additional fractions * of a second from UT1 into whole seconds, known as leap-seconds. * A leap-second may be added or removed depending on the Earth's rotational changes. * As such, UTC permits a day to have 86399 SI seconds or 86401 SI seconds where * necessary in order to keep the day aligned with the Sun. *
* The modern UTC time-scale was introduced in 1972, introducing the concept of whole leap-seconds. * Between 1958 and 1972, the definition of UTC was complex, with minor sub-second leaps and * alterations to the length of the notional second. As of 2012, discussions are underway * to change the definition of UTC again, with the potential to remove leap seconds or * introduce other changes. *
* Given the complexity of accurate timekeeping described above, this Java API defines * its own time-scale, the Java Time-Scale. *
* The Java Time-Scale divides each calendar day into exactly 86400 * subdivisions, known as seconds. These seconds may differ from the * SI second. It closely matches the de facto international civil time * scale, the definition of which changes from time to time. *
* The Java Time-Scale has slightly different definitions for different * segments of the time-line, each based on the consensus international * time scale that is used as the basis for civil time. Whenever the * internationally-agreed time scale is modified or replaced, a new * segment of the Java Time-Scale must be defined for it. Each segment * must meet these requirements: *
* For the segment from 1972-11-03 (exact boundary discussed below) until * further notice, the consensus international time scale is UTC (with * leap seconds). In this segment, the Java Time-Scale is identical to * UTC-SLS. * This is identical to UTC on days that do not have a leap second. * On days that do have a leap second, the leap second is spread equally * over the last 1000 seconds of the day, maintaining the appearance of * exactly 86400 seconds per day. *
* For the segment prior to 1972-11-03, extending back arbitrarily far, * the consensus international time scale is defined to be UT1, applied * proleptically, which is equivalent to the (mean) solar time on the * prime meridian (Greenwich). In this segment, the Java Time-Scale is * identical to the consensus international time scale. The exact * boundary between the two segments is the instant where UT1 = UTC * between 1972-11-03T00:00 and 1972-11-04T12:00. *
* Implementations of the Java time-scale using the JSR-310 API are not * required to provide any clock that is sub-second accurate, or that * progresses monotonically or smoothly. Implementations are therefore * not required to actually perform the UTC-SLS slew or to otherwise be * aware of leap seconds. JSR-310 does, however, require that * implementations must document the approach they use when defining a * clock representing the current instant. * See {@link Clock} for details on the available clocks. *
* The Java time-scale is used for all date-time classes.
* This includes {@code Instant}, {@code LocalDate}, {@code LocalTime}, {@code OffsetDateTime},
* {@code ZonedDateTime} and {@code Duration}.
*
* @implSpec
* This class is immutable and thread-safe.
*
* @since 1.8
*/
public final class Instant
implements Temporal, TemporalAdjuster, Comparable
* This is one year earlier than the minimum {@code LocalDateTime}.
* This provides sufficient values to handle the range of {@code ZoneOffset}
* which affect the instant in addition to the local date-time.
* The value is also chosen such that the value of the year fits in
* an {@code int}.
*/
public static final Instant MIN = Instant.ofEpochSecond(MIN_SECOND, 0);
/**
* The maximum supported {@code Instant}, '1000000000-12-31T23:59:59.999999999Z'.
* This could be used by an application as a "far future" instant.
*
* This is one year later than the maximum {@code LocalDateTime}.
* This provides sufficient values to handle the range of {@code ZoneOffset}
* which affect the instant in addition to the local date-time.
* The value is also chosen such that the value of the year fits in
* an {@code int}.
*/
public static final Instant MAX = Instant.ofEpochSecond(MAX_SECOND, 999_999_999);
/**
* Serialization version.
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = -665713676816604388L;
/**
* The number of seconds from the epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
*/
private final long seconds;
/**
* The number of nanoseconds, later along the time-line, from the seconds field.
* This is always positive, and never exceeds 999,999,999.
*/
private final int nanos;
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Obtains the current instant from the system clock.
*
* This will query the {@link Clock#systemUTC() system UTC clock} to
* obtain the current instant.
*
* Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate time-source for
* testing because the clock is effectively hard-coded.
*
* @return the current instant using the system clock, not null
*/
public static Instant now() {
return Clock.systemUTC().instant();
}
/**
* Obtains the current instant from the specified clock.
*
* This will query the specified clock to obtain the current time.
*
* Using this method allows the use of an alternate clock for testing.
* The alternate clock may be introduced using {@link Clock dependency injection}.
*
* @param clock the clock to use, not null
* @return the current instant, not null
*/
public static Instant now(Clock clock) {
Objects.requireNonNull(clock, "clock");
return clock.instant();
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Obtains an instance of {@code Instant} using seconds from the
* epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
*
* The nanosecond field is set to zero.
*
* @param epochSecond the number of seconds from 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
* @return an instant, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the instant exceeds the maximum or minimum instant
*/
public static Instant ofEpochSecond(long epochSecond) {
return create(epochSecond, 0);
}
/**
* Obtains an instance of {@code Instant} using seconds from the
* epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z and nanosecond fraction of second.
*
* This method allows an arbitrary number of nanoseconds to be passed in.
* The factory will alter the values of the second and nanosecond in order
* to ensure that the stored nanosecond is in the range 0 to 999,999,999.
* For example, the following will result in the exactly the same instant:
*
* The seconds and nanoseconds are extracted from the specified milliseconds.
*
* @param epochMilli the number of milliseconds from 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
* @return an instant, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the instant exceeds the maximum or minimum instant
*/
public static Instant ofEpochMilli(long epochMilli) {
long secs = Math.floorDiv(epochMilli, 1000);
int mos = (int)Math.floorMod(epochMilli, 1000);
return create(secs, mos * 1000_000);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Obtains an instance of {@code Instant} from a temporal object.
*
* This obtains an instant based on the specified temporal.
* A {@code TemporalAccessor} represents an arbitrary set of date and time information,
* which this factory converts to an instance of {@code Instant}.
*
* The conversion extracts the {@link ChronoField#INSTANT_SECONDS INSTANT_SECONDS}
* and {@link ChronoField#NANO_OF_SECOND NANO_OF_SECOND} fields.
*
* This method matches the signature of the functional interface {@link TemporalQuery}
* allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, {@code Instant::from}.
*
* @param temporal the temporal object to convert, not null
* @return the instant, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if unable to convert to an {@code Instant}
*/
public static Instant from(TemporalAccessor temporal) {
if (temporal instanceof Instant) {
return (Instant) temporal;
}
Objects.requireNonNull(temporal, "temporal");
try {
long instantSecs = temporal.getLong(INSTANT_SECONDS);
int nanoOfSecond = temporal.get(NANO_OF_SECOND);
return Instant.ofEpochSecond(instantSecs, nanoOfSecond);
} catch (DateTimeException ex) {
throw new DateTimeException("Unable to obtain Instant from TemporalAccessor: " +
temporal + " of type " + temporal.getClass().getName(), ex);
}
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Obtains an instance of {@code Instant} from a text string such as
* {@code 2007-12-03T10:15:30.00Z}.
*
* The string must represent a valid instant in UTC and is parsed using
* {@link DateTimeFormatter#ISO_INSTANT}.
*
* @param text the text to parse, not null
* @return the parsed instant, not null
* @throws DateTimeParseException if the text cannot be parsed
*/
public static Instant parse(final CharSequence text) {
return DateTimeFormatter.ISO_INSTANT.parse(text, Instant::from);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Obtains an instance of {@code Instant} using seconds and nanoseconds.
*
* @param seconds the length of the duration in seconds
* @param nanoOfSecond the nano-of-second, from 0 to 999,999,999
* @throws DateTimeException if the instant exceeds the maximum or minimum instant
*/
private static Instant create(long seconds, int nanoOfSecond) {
if ((seconds | nanoOfSecond) == 0) {
return EPOCH;
}
if (seconds < MIN_SECOND || seconds > MAX_SECOND) {
throw new DateTimeException("Instant exceeds minimum or maximum instant");
}
return new Instant(seconds, nanoOfSecond);
}
/**
* Constructs an instance of {@code Instant} using seconds from the epoch of
* 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z and nanosecond fraction of second.
*
* @param epochSecond the number of seconds from 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
* @param nanos the nanoseconds within the second, must be positive
*/
private Instant(long epochSecond, int nanos) {
super();
this.seconds = epochSecond;
this.nanos = nanos;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Checks if the specified field is supported.
*
* This checks if this instant can be queried for the specified field.
* If false, then calling the {@link #range(TemporalField) range},
* {@link #get(TemporalField) get} and {@link #with(TemporalField, long)}
* methods will throw an exception.
*
* If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
* The supported fields are:
*
* If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
* is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.isSupportedBy(TemporalAccessor)}
* passing {@code this} as the argument.
* Whether the field is supported is determined by the field.
*
* @param field the field to check, null returns false
* @return true if the field is supported on this instant, false if not
*/
@Override
public boolean isSupported(TemporalField field) {
if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
return field == INSTANT_SECONDS || field == NANO_OF_SECOND || field == MICRO_OF_SECOND || field == MILLI_OF_SECOND;
}
return field != null && field.isSupportedBy(this);
}
/**
* Checks if the specified unit is supported.
*
* This checks if the specified unit can be added to, or subtracted from, this date-time.
* If false, then calling the {@link #plus(long, TemporalUnit)} and
* {@link #minus(long, TemporalUnit) minus} methods will throw an exception.
*
* If the unit is a {@link ChronoUnit} then the query is implemented here.
* The supported units are:
*
* If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
* is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.isSupportedBy(Temporal)}
* passing {@code this} as the argument.
* Whether the unit is supported is determined by the unit.
*
* @param unit the unit to check, null returns false
* @return true if the unit can be added/subtracted, false if not
*/
@Override
public boolean isSupported(TemporalUnit unit) {
if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
return unit.isTimeBased() || unit == DAYS;
}
return unit != null && unit.isSupportedBy(this);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.
*
* The range object expresses the minimum and maximum valid values for a field.
* This instant is used to enhance the accuracy of the returned range.
* If it is not possible to return the range, because the field is not supported
* or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
*
* If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
* The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return
* appropriate range instances.
* All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
*
* If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
* is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.rangeRefinedBy(TemporalAccessor)}
* passing {@code this} as the argument.
* Whether the range can be obtained is determined by the field.
*
* @param field the field to query the range for, not null
* @return the range of valid values for the field, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the range for the field cannot be obtained
* @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported
*/
@Override // override for Javadoc
public ValueRange range(TemporalField field) {
return Temporal.super.range(field);
}
/**
* Gets the value of the specified field from this instant as an {@code int}.
*
* This queries this instant for the value of the specified field.
* The returned value will always be within the valid range of values for the field.
* If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported
* or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
*
* If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
* The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return valid
* values based on this date-time, except {@code INSTANT_SECONDS} which is too
* large to fit in an {@code int} and throws a {@code DateTimeException}.
* All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
*
* If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
* is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)}
* passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
* and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
*
* @param field the field to get, not null
* @return the value for the field
* @throws DateTimeException if a value for the field cannot be obtained or
* the value is outside the range of valid values for the field
* @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported or
* the range of values exceeds an {@code int}
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
@Override // override for Javadoc and performance
public int get(TemporalField field) {
if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
switch ((ChronoField) field) {
case NANO_OF_SECOND: return nanos;
case MICRO_OF_SECOND: return nanos / 1000;
case MILLI_OF_SECOND: return nanos / 1000_000;
case INSTANT_SECONDS: INSTANT_SECONDS.checkValidIntValue(seconds);
}
throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported field: " + field);
}
return range(field).checkValidIntValue(field.getFrom(this), field);
}
/**
* Gets the value of the specified field from this instant as a {@code long}.
*
* This queries this instant for the value of the specified field.
* If it is not possible to return the value, because the field is not supported
* or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
*
* If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the query is implemented here.
* The {@link #isSupported(TemporalField) supported fields} will return valid
* values based on this date-time.
* All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
*
* If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
* is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.getFrom(TemporalAccessor)}
* passing {@code this} as the argument. Whether the value can be obtained,
* and what the value represents, is determined by the field.
*
* @param field the field to get, not null
* @return the value for the field
* @throws DateTimeException if a value for the field cannot be obtained
* @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
@Override
public long getLong(TemporalField field) {
if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
switch ((ChronoField) field) {
case NANO_OF_SECOND: return nanos;
case MICRO_OF_SECOND: return nanos / 1000;
case MILLI_OF_SECOND: return nanos / 1000_000;
case INSTANT_SECONDS: return seconds;
}
throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported field: " + field);
}
return field.getFrom(this);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Gets the number of seconds from the Java epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
*
* The epoch second count is a simple incrementing count of seconds where
* second 0 is 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
* The nanosecond part of the day is returned by {@code getNanosOfSecond}.
*
* @return the seconds from the epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
*/
public long getEpochSecond() {
return seconds;
}
/**
* Gets the number of nanoseconds, later along the time-line, from the start
* of the second.
*
* The nanosecond-of-second value measures the total number of nanoseconds from
* the second returned by {@code getEpochSecond}.
*
* @return the nanoseconds within the second, always positive, never exceeds 999,999,999
*/
public int getNano() {
return nanos;
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Returns an adjusted copy of this instant.
*
* This returns an {@code Instant}, based on this one, with the instant adjusted.
* The adjustment takes place using the specified adjuster strategy object.
* Read the documentation of the adjuster to understand what adjustment will be made.
*
* The result of this method is obtained by invoking the
* {@link TemporalAdjuster#adjustInto(Temporal)} method on the
* specified adjuster passing {@code this} as the argument.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param adjuster the adjuster to use, not null
* @return an {@code Instant} based on {@code this} with the adjustment made, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the adjustment cannot be made
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
@Override
public Instant with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster) {
return (Instant) adjuster.adjustInto(this);
}
/**
* Returns a copy of this instant with the specified field set to a new value.
*
* This returns an {@code Instant}, based on this one, with the value
* for the specified field changed.
* If it is not possible to set the value, because the field is not supported or for
* some other reason, an exception is thrown.
*
* If the field is a {@link ChronoField} then the adjustment is implemented here.
* The supported fields behave as follows:
*
* In all cases, if the new value is outside the valid range of values for the field
* then a {@code DateTimeException} will be thrown.
*
* All other {@code ChronoField} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
*
* If the field is not a {@code ChronoField}, then the result of this method
* is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalField.adjustInto(Temporal, long)}
* passing {@code this} as the argument. In this case, the field determines
* whether and how to adjust the instant.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param field the field to set in the result, not null
* @param newValue the new value of the field in the result
* @return an {@code Instant} based on {@code this} with the specified field set, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the field cannot be set
* @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the field is not supported
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
@Override
public Instant with(TemporalField field, long newValue) {
if (field instanceof ChronoField) {
ChronoField f = (ChronoField) field;
f.checkValidValue(newValue);
switch (f) {
case MILLI_OF_SECOND: {
int nval = (int) newValue * 1000_000;
return (nval != nanos ? create(seconds, nval) : this);
}
case MICRO_OF_SECOND: {
int nval = (int) newValue * 1000;
return (nval != nanos ? create(seconds, nval) : this);
}
case NANO_OF_SECOND: return (newValue != nanos ? create(seconds, (int) newValue) : this);
case INSTANT_SECONDS: return (newValue != seconds ? create(newValue, nanos) : this);
}
throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported field: " + field);
}
return field.adjustInto(this, newValue);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Returns a copy of this {@code Instant} truncated to the specified unit.
*
* Truncating the instant returns a copy of the original with fields
* smaller than the specified unit set to zero.
* The fields are calculated on the basis of using a UTC offset as seen
* in {@code toString}.
* For example, truncating with the {@link ChronoUnit#MINUTES MINUTES} unit will
* round down to the nearest minute, setting the seconds and nanoseconds to zero.
*
* The unit must have a {@linkplain TemporalUnit#getDuration() duration}
* that divides into the length of a standard day without remainder.
* This includes all supplied time units on {@link ChronoUnit} and
* {@link ChronoUnit#DAYS DAYS}. Other units throw an exception.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param unit the unit to truncate to, not null
* @return an {@code Instant} based on this instant with the time truncated, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the unit is invalid for truncation
* @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
*/
public Instant truncatedTo(TemporalUnit unit) {
if (unit == ChronoUnit.NANOS) {
return this;
}
Duration unitDur = unit.getDuration();
if (unitDur.getSeconds() > LocalTime.SECONDS_PER_DAY) {
throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unit is too large to be used for truncation");
}
long dur = unitDur.toNanos();
if ((LocalTime.NANOS_PER_DAY % dur) != 0) {
throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unit must divide into a standard day without remainder");
}
long nod = (seconds % LocalTime.SECONDS_PER_DAY) * LocalTime.NANOS_PER_SECOND + nanos;
long result = (nod / dur) * dur;
return plusNanos(result - nod);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Returns a copy of this instant with the specified amount added.
*
* This returns an {@code Instant}, based on this one, with the specified amount added.
* The amount is typically {@link Duration} but may be any other type implementing
* the {@link TemporalAmount} interface.
*
* The calculation is delegated to the amount object by calling
* {@link TemporalAmount#addTo(Temporal)}. The amount implementation is free
* to implement the addition in any way it wishes, however it typically
* calls back to {@link #plus(long, TemporalUnit)}. Consult the documentation
* of the amount implementation to determine if it can be successfully added.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param amountToAdd the amount to add, not null
* @return an {@code Instant} based on this instant with the addition made, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the addition cannot be made
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
@Override
public Instant plus(TemporalAmount amountToAdd) {
return (Instant) amountToAdd.addTo(this);
}
/**
* Returns a copy of this instant with the specified amount added.
*
* This returns an {@code Instant}, based on this one, with the amount
* in terms of the unit added. If it is not possible to add the amount, because the
* unit is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
*
* If the field is a {@link ChronoUnit} then the addition is implemented here.
* The supported fields behave as follows:
*
* All other {@code ChronoUnit} instances will throw an {@code UnsupportedTemporalTypeException}.
*
* If the field is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
* is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.addTo(Temporal, long)}
* passing {@code this} as the argument. In this case, the unit determines
* whether and how to perform the addition.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param amountToAdd the amount of the unit to add to the result, may be negative
* @param unit the unit of the amount to add, not null
* @return an {@code Instant} based on this instant with the specified amount added, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the addition cannot be made
* @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
@Override
public Instant plus(long amountToAdd, TemporalUnit unit) {
if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
switch ((ChronoUnit) unit) {
case NANOS: return plusNanos(amountToAdd);
case MICROS: return plus(amountToAdd / 1000_000, (amountToAdd % 1000_000) * 1000);
case MILLIS: return plusMillis(amountToAdd);
case SECONDS: return plusSeconds(amountToAdd);
case MINUTES: return plusSeconds(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, SECONDS_PER_MINUTE));
case HOURS: return plusSeconds(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, SECONDS_PER_HOUR));
case HALF_DAYS: return plusSeconds(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, SECONDS_PER_DAY / 2));
case DAYS: return plusSeconds(Math.multiplyExact(amountToAdd, SECONDS_PER_DAY));
}
throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
}
return unit.addTo(this, amountToAdd);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Returns a copy of this instant with the specified duration in seconds added.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param secondsToAdd the seconds to add, positive or negative
* @return an {@code Instant} based on this instant with the specified seconds added, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the maximum or minimum instant
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
public Instant plusSeconds(long secondsToAdd) {
return plus(secondsToAdd, 0);
}
/**
* Returns a copy of this instant with the specified duration in milliseconds added.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param millisToAdd the milliseconds to add, positive or negative
* @return an {@code Instant} based on this instant with the specified milliseconds added, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the maximum or minimum instant
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
public Instant plusMillis(long millisToAdd) {
return plus(millisToAdd / 1000, (millisToAdd % 1000) * 1000_000);
}
/**
* Returns a copy of this instant with the specified duration in nanoseconds added.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param nanosToAdd the nanoseconds to add, positive or negative
* @return an {@code Instant} based on this instant with the specified nanoseconds added, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the maximum or minimum instant
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
public Instant plusNanos(long nanosToAdd) {
return plus(0, nanosToAdd);
}
/**
* Returns a copy of this instant with the specified duration added.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param secondsToAdd the seconds to add, positive or negative
* @param nanosToAdd the nanos to add, positive or negative
* @return an {@code Instant} based on this instant with the specified seconds added, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the maximum or minimum instant
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
private Instant plus(long secondsToAdd, long nanosToAdd) {
if ((secondsToAdd | nanosToAdd) == 0) {
return this;
}
long epochSec = Math.addExact(seconds, secondsToAdd);
epochSec = Math.addExact(epochSec, nanosToAdd / NANOS_PER_SECOND);
nanosToAdd = nanosToAdd % NANOS_PER_SECOND;
long nanoAdjustment = nanos + nanosToAdd; // safe int+NANOS_PER_SECOND
return ofEpochSecond(epochSec, nanoAdjustment);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Returns a copy of this instant with the specified amount subtracted.
*
* This returns an {@code Instant}, based on this one, with the specified amount subtracted.
* The amount is typically {@link Duration} but may be any other type implementing
* the {@link TemporalAmount} interface.
*
* The calculation is delegated to the amount object by calling
* {@link TemporalAmount#subtractFrom(Temporal)}. The amount implementation is free
* to implement the subtraction in any way it wishes, however it typically
* calls back to {@link #minus(long, TemporalUnit)}. Consult the documentation
* of the amount implementation to determine if it can be successfully subtracted.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param amountToSubtract the amount to subtract, not null
* @return an {@code Instant} based on this instant with the subtraction made, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the subtraction cannot be made
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
@Override
public Instant minus(TemporalAmount amountToSubtract) {
return (Instant) amountToSubtract.subtractFrom(this);
}
/**
* Returns a copy of this instant with the specified amount subtracted.
*
* This returns a {@code Instant}, based on this one, with the amount
* in terms of the unit subtracted. If it is not possible to subtract the amount,
* because the unit is not supported or for some other reason, an exception is thrown.
*
* This method is equivalent to {@link #plus(long, TemporalUnit)} with the amount negated.
* See that method for a full description of how addition, and thus subtraction, works.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param amountToSubtract the amount of the unit to subtract from the result, may be negative
* @param unit the unit of the amount to subtract, not null
* @return an {@code Instant} based on this instant with the specified amount subtracted, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the subtraction cannot be made
* @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
@Override
public Instant minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit) {
return (amountToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE ? plus(Long.MAX_VALUE, unit).plus(1, unit) : plus(-amountToSubtract, unit));
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Returns a copy of this instant with the specified duration in seconds subtracted.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param secondsToSubtract the seconds to subtract, positive or negative
* @return an {@code Instant} based on this instant with the specified seconds subtracted, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the maximum or minimum instant
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
public Instant minusSeconds(long secondsToSubtract) {
if (secondsToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
return plusSeconds(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusSeconds(1);
}
return plusSeconds(-secondsToSubtract);
}
/**
* Returns a copy of this instant with the specified duration in milliseconds subtracted.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param millisToSubtract the milliseconds to subtract, positive or negative
* @return an {@code Instant} based on this instant with the specified milliseconds subtracted, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the maximum or minimum instant
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
public Instant minusMillis(long millisToSubtract) {
if (millisToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
return plusMillis(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusMillis(1);
}
return plusMillis(-millisToSubtract);
}
/**
* Returns a copy of this instant with the specified duration in nanoseconds subtracted.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param nanosToSubtract the nanoseconds to subtract, positive or negative
* @return an {@code Instant} based on this instant with the specified nanoseconds subtracted, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the maximum or minimum instant
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
public Instant minusNanos(long nanosToSubtract) {
if (nanosToSubtract == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
return plusNanos(Long.MAX_VALUE).plusNanos(1);
}
return plusNanos(-nanosToSubtract);
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Queries this instant using the specified query.
*
* This queries this instant using the specified query strategy object.
* The {@code TemporalQuery} object defines the logic to be used to
* obtain the result. Read the documentation of the query to understand
* what the result of this method will be.
*
* The result of this method is obtained by invoking the
* {@link TemporalQuery#queryFrom(TemporalAccessor)} method on the
* specified query passing {@code this} as the argument.
*
* @param
* This returns a temporal object of the same observable type as the input
* with the instant changed to be the same as this.
*
* The adjustment is equivalent to using {@link Temporal#with(TemporalField, long)}
* twice, passing {@link ChronoField#INSTANT_SECONDS} and
* {@link ChronoField#NANO_OF_SECOND} as the fields.
*
* In most cases, it is clearer to reverse the calling pattern by using
* {@link Temporal#with(TemporalAdjuster)}:
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param temporal the target object to be adjusted, not null
* @return the adjusted object, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if unable to make the adjustment
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
@Override
public Temporal adjustInto(Temporal temporal) {
return temporal.with(INSTANT_SECONDS, seconds).with(NANO_OF_SECOND, nanos);
}
/**
* Calculates the amount of time until another instant in terms of the specified unit.
*
* This calculates the amount of time between two {@code Instant}
* objects in terms of a single {@code TemporalUnit}.
* The start and end points are {@code this} and the specified instant.
* The result will be negative if the end is before the start.
* The calculation returns a whole number, representing the number of
* complete units between the two instants.
* The {@code Temporal} passed to this method is converted to a
* {@code Instant} using {@link #from(TemporalAccessor)}.
* For example, the amount in days between two dates can be calculated
* using {@code startInstant.until(endInstant, SECONDS)}.
*
* There are two equivalent ways of using this method.
* The first is to invoke this method.
* The second is to use {@link TemporalUnit#between(Temporal, Temporal)}:
*
* The calculation is implemented in this method for {@link ChronoUnit}.
* The units {@code NANOS}, {@code MICROS}, {@code MILLIS}, {@code SECONDS},
* {@code MINUTES}, {@code HOURS}, {@code HALF_DAYS} and {@code DAYS}
* are supported. Other {@code ChronoUnit} values will throw an exception.
*
* If the unit is not a {@code ChronoUnit}, then the result of this method
* is obtained by invoking {@code TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)}
* passing {@code this} as the first argument and the converted input temporal
* as the second argument.
*
* This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.
*
* @param endExclusive the end date, exclusive, which is converted to an {@code Instant}, not null
* @param unit the unit to measure the amount in, not null
* @return the amount of time between this instant and the end instant
* @throws DateTimeException if the amount cannot be calculated, or the end
* temporal cannot be converted to an {@code Instant}
* @throws UnsupportedTemporalTypeException if the unit is not supported
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
@Override
public long until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit) {
Instant end = Instant.from(endExclusive);
if (unit instanceof ChronoUnit) {
ChronoUnit f = (ChronoUnit) unit;
switch (f) {
case NANOS: return nanosUntil(end);
case MICROS: return nanosUntil(end) / 1000;
case MILLIS: return Math.subtractExact(end.toEpochMilli(), toEpochMilli());
case SECONDS: return secondsUntil(end);
case MINUTES: return secondsUntil(end) / SECONDS_PER_MINUTE;
case HOURS: return secondsUntil(end) / SECONDS_PER_HOUR;
case HALF_DAYS: return secondsUntil(end) / (12 * SECONDS_PER_HOUR);
case DAYS: return secondsUntil(end) / (SECONDS_PER_DAY);
}
throw new UnsupportedTemporalTypeException("Unsupported unit: " + unit);
}
return unit.between(this, end);
}
private long nanosUntil(Instant end) {
long secsDiff = Math.subtractExact(end.seconds, seconds);
long totalNanos = Math.multiplyExact(secsDiff, NANOS_PER_SECOND);
return Math.addExact(totalNanos, end.nanos - nanos);
}
private long secondsUntil(Instant end) {
long secsDiff = Math.subtractExact(end.seconds, seconds);
long nanosDiff = end.nanos - nanos;
if (secsDiff > 0 && nanosDiff < 0) {
secsDiff--;
} else if (secsDiff < 0 && nanosDiff > 0) {
secsDiff++;
}
return secsDiff;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Combines this instant with an offset to create an {@code OffsetDateTime}.
*
* This returns an {@code OffsetDateTime} formed from this instant at the
* specified offset from UTC/Greenwich. An exception will be thrown if the
* instant is too large to fit into an offset date-time.
*
* This method is equivalent to
* {@link OffsetDateTime#ofInstant(Instant, ZoneId) OffsetDateTime.ofInstant(this, offset)}.
*
* @param offset the offset to combine with, not null
* @return the offset date-time formed from this instant and the specified offset, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported range
*/
public OffsetDateTime atOffset(ZoneOffset offset) {
return OffsetDateTime.ofInstant(this, offset);
}
/**
* Combines this instant with a time-zone to create a {@code ZonedDateTime}.
*
* This returns an {@code ZonedDateTime} formed from this instant at the
* specified time-zone. An exception will be thrown if the instant is too
* large to fit into a zoned date-time.
*
* This method is equivalent to
* {@link ZonedDateTime#ofInstant(Instant, ZoneId) ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(this, zone)}.
*
* @param zone the zone to combine with, not null
* @return the zoned date-time formed from this instant and the specified zone, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the result exceeds the supported range
*/
public ZonedDateTime atZone(ZoneId zone) {
return ZonedDateTime.ofInstant(this, zone);
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Converts this instant to the number of milliseconds from the epoch
* of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
*
* If this instant represents a point on the time-line too far in the future
* or past to fit in a {@code long} milliseconds, then an exception is thrown.
*
* If this instant has greater than millisecond precision, then the conversion
* will drop any excess precision information as though the amount in nanoseconds
* was subject to integer division by one million.
*
* @return the number of milliseconds since the epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
public long toEpochMilli() {
if (seconds < 0 && nanos > 0) {
long millis = Math.multiplyExact(seconds+1, 1000);
long adjustment = nanos / 1000_000 - 1000;
return Math.addExact(millis, adjustment);
} else {
long millis = Math.multiplyExact(seconds, 1000);
return Math.addExact(millis, nanos / 1000_000);
}
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Compares this instant to the specified instant.
*
* The comparison is based on the time-line position of the instants.
* It is "consistent with equals", as defined by {@link Comparable}.
*
* @param otherInstant the other instant to compare to, not null
* @return the comparator value, negative if less, positive if greater
* @throws NullPointerException if otherInstant is null
*/
@Override
public int compareTo(Instant otherInstant) {
int cmp = Long.compare(seconds, otherInstant.seconds);
if (cmp != 0) {
return cmp;
}
return nanos - otherInstant.nanos;
}
/**
* Checks if this instant is after the specified instant.
*
* The comparison is based on the time-line position of the instants.
*
* @param otherInstant the other instant to compare to, not null
* @return true if this instant is after the specified instant
* @throws NullPointerException if otherInstant is null
*/
public boolean isAfter(Instant otherInstant) {
return compareTo(otherInstant) > 0;
}
/**
* Checks if this instant is before the specified instant.
*
* The comparison is based on the time-line position of the instants.
*
* @param otherInstant the other instant to compare to, not null
* @return true if this instant is before the specified instant
* @throws NullPointerException if otherInstant is null
*/
public boolean isBefore(Instant otherInstant) {
return compareTo(otherInstant) < 0;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Checks if this instant is equal to the specified instant.
*
* The comparison is based on the time-line position of the instants.
*
* @param otherInstant the other instant, null returns false
* @return true if the other instant is equal to this one
*/
@Override
public boolean equals(Object otherInstant) {
if (this == otherInstant) {
return true;
}
if (otherInstant instanceof Instant) {
Instant other = (Instant) otherInstant;
return this.seconds == other.seconds &&
this.nanos == other.nanos;
}
return false;
}
/**
* Returns a hash code for this instant.
*
* @return a suitable hash code
*/
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return ((int) (seconds ^ (seconds >>> 32))) + 51 * nanos;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* A string representation of this instant using ISO-8601 representation.
*
* The format used is the same as {@link DateTimeFormatter#ISO_INSTANT}.
*
* @return an ISO-8601 representation of this instant, not null
*/
@Override
public String toString() {
return DateTimeFormatter.ISO_INSTANT.format(this);
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Writes the object using a
* dedicated serialized form.
* @serialData
*
* Instant.ofEpochSecond(3, 1);
* Instant.ofEpochSecond(4, -999_999_999);
* Instant.ofEpochSecond(2, 1000_000_001);
*
*
* @param epochSecond the number of seconds from 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z
* @param nanoAdjustment the nanosecond adjustment to the number of seconds, positive or negative
* @return an instant, not null
* @throws DateTimeException if the instant exceeds the maximum or minimum instant
* @throws ArithmeticException if numeric overflow occurs
*/
public static Instant ofEpochSecond(long epochSecond, long nanoAdjustment) {
long secs = Math.addExact(epochSecond, Math.floorDiv(nanoAdjustment, NANOS_PER_SECOND));
int nos = (int)Math.floorMod(nanoAdjustment, NANOS_PER_SECOND);
return create(secs, nos);
}
/**
* Obtains an instance of {@code Instant} using milliseconds from the
* epoch of 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z.
*
*
* All other {@code ChronoField} instances will return false.
*
*
* All other {@code ChronoUnit} instances will return false.
*
*
*
*
*
* // these two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended
* temporal = thisInstant.adjustInto(temporal);
* temporal = temporal.with(thisInstant);
*
*
* // these two lines are equivalent
* amount = start.until(end, SECONDS);
* amount = SECONDS.between(start, end);
*
* The choice should be made based on which makes the code more readable.
*
* out.writeByte(2); // identifies an Instant
* out.writeLong(seconds);
* out.writeInt(nanos);
*
*
* @return the instance of {@code Ser}, not null
*/
private Object writeReplace() {
return new Ser(Ser.INSTANT_TYPE, this);
}
/**
* Defend against malicious streams.
*
* @param s the stream to read
* @throws InvalidObjectException always
*/
private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws InvalidObjectException {
throw new InvalidObjectException("Deserialization via serialization delegate");
}
void writeExternal(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeLong(seconds);
out.writeInt(nanos);
}
static Instant readExternal(DataInput in) throws IOException {
long seconds = in.readLong();
int nanos = in.readInt();
return Instant.ofEpochSecond(seconds, nanos);
}
}