public
class
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
extends ThreadPoolExecutor
implements
ScheduledExecutorService
java.lang.Object | |||
↳ | java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService | ||
↳ | java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor | ||
↳ | java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor |
A ThreadPoolExecutor
that can additionally schedule
commands to run after a given delay, or to execute periodically.
This class is preferable to Timer
when multiple
worker threads are needed, or when the additional flexibility or
capabilities of ThreadPoolExecutor
(which this class
extends) are required.
Delayed tasks execute no sooner than they are enabled, but without any real-time guarantees about when, after they are enabled, they will commence. Tasks scheduled for exactly the same execution time are enabled in first-in-first-out (FIFO) order of submission.
When a submitted task is cancelled before it is run, execution is suppressed. By default, such a cancelled task is not automatically removed from the work queue until its delay elapses. While this enables further inspection and monitoring, it may also cause unbounded retention of cancelled tasks.
Successive executions of a periodic task scheduled via
scheduleAtFixedRate
or
scheduleWithFixedDelay
do not overlap. While different executions may be performed by
different threads, the effects of prior executions
happen-before
those of subsequent ones.
While this class inherits from ThreadPoolExecutor
, a few
of the inherited tuning methods are not useful for it. In
particular, because it acts as a fixed-sized pool using
corePoolSize
threads and an unbounded queue, adjustments
to maximumPoolSize
have no useful effect. Additionally, it
is almost never a good idea to set corePoolSize
to zero or
use allowCoreThreadTimeOut
because this may leave the pool
without threads to handle tasks once they become eligible to run.
Extension notes: This class overrides the
execute
and
submit
methods to generate internal ScheduledFuture
objects to
control per-task delays and scheduling. To preserve
functionality, any further overrides of these methods in
subclasses must invoke superclass versions, which effectively
disables additional task customization. However, this class
provides alternative protected extension method
decorateTask
(one version each for Runnable
and
Callable
) that can be used to customize the concrete task
types used to execute commands entered via execute
,
submit
, schedule
, scheduleAtFixedRate
,
and scheduleWithFixedDelay
. By default, a
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
uses a task type extending
FutureTask
. However, this may be modified or replaced using
subclasses of the form:
public class CustomScheduledExecutor extends ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor {
static class CustomTask<V> implements RunnableScheduledFuture<V> { ... }
protected <V> RunnableScheduledFuture<V> decorateTask(
Runnable r, RunnableScheduledFuture<V> task) {
return new CustomTask<V>(r, task);
}
protected <V> RunnableScheduledFuture<V> decorateTask(
Callable<V> c, RunnableScheduledFuture<V> task) {
return new CustomTask<V>(c, task);
}
// ... add constructors, etc.
}
Public constructors | |
---|---|
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize)
Creates a new |
|
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory)
Creates a new |
|
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, RejectedExecutionHandler handler)
Creates a new |
|
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory, RejectedExecutionHandler handler)
Creates a new |
Public methods | |
---|---|
void
|
execute(Runnable command)
Executes |
boolean
|
getContinueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdownPolicy()
Gets the policy on whether to continue executing existing
periodic tasks even when this executor has been |
boolean
|
getExecuteExistingDelayedTasksAfterShutdownPolicy()
Gets the policy on whether to execute existing delayed
tasks even when this executor has been |
BlockingQueue<Runnable>
|
getQueue()
Returns the task queue used by this executor. |
boolean
|
getRemoveOnCancelPolicy()
Gets the policy on whether cancelled tasks should be immediately removed from the work queue at time of cancellation. |
<V>
ScheduledFuture<V>
|
schedule(Callable<V> callable, long delay, TimeUnit unit)
Creates and executes a ScheduledFuture that becomes enabled after the given delay. |
ScheduledFuture<?>
|
schedule(Runnable command, long delay, TimeUnit unit)
Creates and executes a one-shot action that becomes enabled after the given delay. |
ScheduledFuture<?>
|
scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable command, long initialDelay, long period, TimeUnit unit)
Creates and executes a periodic action that becomes enabled first
after the given initial delay, and subsequently with the given
period; that is, executions will commence after
|
ScheduledFuture<?>
|
scheduleWithFixedDelay(Runnable command, long initialDelay, long delay, TimeUnit unit)
Creates and executes a periodic action that becomes enabled first after the given initial delay, and subsequently with the given delay between the termination of one execution and the commencement of the next. |
void
|
setContinueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdownPolicy(boolean value)
Sets the policy on whether to continue executing existing
periodic tasks even when this executor has been |
void
|
setExecuteExistingDelayedTasksAfterShutdownPolicy(boolean value)
Sets the policy on whether to execute existing delayed
tasks even when this executor has been |
void
|
setRemoveOnCancelPolicy(boolean value)
Sets the policy on whether cancelled tasks should be immediately removed from the work queue at time of cancellation. |
void
|
shutdown()
Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted. |
List<Runnable>
|
shutdownNow()
Attempts to stop all actively executing tasks, halts the processing of waiting tasks, and returns a list of the tasks that were awaiting execution. |
Future<?>
|
submit(Runnable task)
Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future representing that task. |
<T>
Future<T>
|
submit(Callable<T> task)
Submits a value-returning task for execution and returns a Future representing the pending results of the task. |
<T>
Future<T>
|
submit(Runnable task, T result)
Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future representing that task. |
Protected methods | |
---|---|
<V>
RunnableScheduledFuture<V>
|
decorateTask(Runnable runnable, RunnableScheduledFuture<V> task)
Modifies or replaces the task used to execute a runnable. |
<V>
RunnableScheduledFuture<V>
|
decorateTask(Callable<V> callable, RunnableScheduledFuture<V> task)
Modifies or replaces the task used to execute a callable. |
Inherited methods | |
---|---|
From
class
java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor
| |
From
class
java.util.concurrent.AbstractExecutorService
| |
From
class
java.lang.Object
| |
From
interface
java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService
| |
From
interface
java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService
| |
From
interface
java.util.concurrent.Executor
|
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor (int corePoolSize)
Creates a new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
with the
given core pool size.
Parameters | |
---|---|
corePoolSize |
int :
the number of threads to keep in the pool, even
if they are idle, unless allowCoreThreadTimeOut is set |
Throws | |
---|---|
IllegalArgumentException |
if corePoolSize < 0
|
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor (int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory)
Creates a new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
with the
given initial parameters.
Parameters | |
---|---|
corePoolSize |
int :
the number of threads to keep in the pool, even
if they are idle, unless allowCoreThreadTimeOut is set |
threadFactory |
ThreadFactory :
the factory to use when the executor
creates a new thread |
Throws | |
---|---|
IllegalArgumentException |
if corePoolSize < 0 |
NullPointerException |
if threadFactory is null
|
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor (int corePoolSize, RejectedExecutionHandler handler)
Creates a new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
with the
given initial parameters.
Parameters | |
---|---|
corePoolSize |
int :
the number of threads to keep in the pool, even
if they are idle, unless allowCoreThreadTimeOut is set |
handler |
RejectedExecutionHandler :
the handler to use when execution is blocked
because the thread bounds and queue capacities are reached |
Throws | |
---|---|
IllegalArgumentException |
if corePoolSize < 0 |
NullPointerException |
if handler is null
|
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor (int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory, RejectedExecutionHandler handler)
Creates a new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
with the
given initial parameters.
Parameters | |
---|---|
corePoolSize |
int :
the number of threads to keep in the pool, even
if they are idle, unless allowCoreThreadTimeOut is set |
threadFactory |
ThreadFactory :
the factory to use when the executor
creates a new thread |
handler |
RejectedExecutionHandler :
the handler to use when execution is blocked
because the thread bounds and queue capacities are reached |
Throws | |
---|---|
IllegalArgumentException |
if corePoolSize < 0 |
NullPointerException |
if threadFactory or
handler is null
|
void execute (Runnable command)
Executes command
with zero required delay.
This has effect equivalent to
schedule(command, 0, anyUnit)
.
Note that inspections of the queue and of the list returned by
shutdownNow
will access the zero-delayed
ScheduledFuture
, not the command
itself.
A consequence of the use of ScheduledFuture
objects is
that afterExecute
is always
called with a null second Throwable
argument, even if the
command
terminated abruptly. Instead, the Throwable
thrown by such a task can be obtained via get()
.
Parameters | |
---|---|
command |
Runnable :
the task to execute |
Throws | |
---|---|
RejectedExecutionException |
at discretion of
RejectedExecutionHandler , if the task
cannot be accepted for execution because the
executor has been shut down |
NullPointerException |
boolean getContinueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdownPolicy ()
Gets the policy on whether to continue executing existing
periodic tasks even when this executor has been shutdown
.
In this case, these tasks will only terminate upon
shutdownNow
or after setting the policy to
false
when already shutdown.
This value is by default false
.
Returns | |
---|---|
boolean |
true if will continue after shutdown |
boolean getExecuteExistingDelayedTasksAfterShutdownPolicy ()
Gets the policy on whether to execute existing delayed
tasks even when this executor has been shutdown
.
In this case, these tasks will only terminate upon
shutdownNow
, or after setting the policy to
false
when already shutdown.
This value is by default true
.
Returns | |
---|---|
boolean |
true if will execute after shutdown |
BlockingQueue<Runnable> getQueue ()
Returns the task queue used by this executor. Access to the task queue is intended primarily for debugging and monitoring. This queue may be in active use. Retrieving the task queue does not prevent queued tasks from executing.
Each element of this queue is a ScheduledFuture
.
For tasks submitted via one of the schedule
methods, the
element will be identical to the returned ScheduledFuture
.
For tasks submitted using execute
, the element
will be a zero-delay ScheduledFuture
.
Iteration over this queue is not guaranteed to traverse tasks in the order in which they will execute.
Returns | |
---|---|
BlockingQueue<Runnable> |
the task queue |
boolean getRemoveOnCancelPolicy ()
Gets the policy on whether cancelled tasks should be immediately
removed from the work queue at time of cancellation. This value is
by default false
.
Returns | |
---|---|
boolean |
true if cancelled tasks are immediately removed
from the queue |
See also:
ScheduledFuture<V> schedule (Callable<V> callable, long delay, TimeUnit unit)
Creates and executes a ScheduledFuture that becomes enabled after the given delay.
Parameters | |
---|---|
callable |
Callable :
the function to execute |
delay |
long :
the time from now to delay execution |
unit |
TimeUnit :
the time unit of the delay parameter |
Returns | |
---|---|
ScheduledFuture<V> |
a ScheduledFuture that can be used to extract result or cancel |
Throws | |
---|---|
RejectedExecutionException |
|
NullPointerException |
ScheduledFuture<?> schedule (Runnable command, long delay, TimeUnit unit)
Creates and executes a one-shot action that becomes enabled after the given delay.
Parameters | |
---|---|
command |
Runnable :
the task to execute |
delay |
long :
the time from now to delay execution |
unit |
TimeUnit :
the time unit of the delay parameter |
Returns | |
---|---|
ScheduledFuture<?> |
a ScheduledFuture representing pending completion of
the task and whose get() method will return
null upon completion |
Throws | |
---|---|
RejectedExecutionException |
|
NullPointerException |
ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleAtFixedRate (Runnable command, long initialDelay, long period, TimeUnit unit)
Creates and executes a periodic action that becomes enabled first
after the given initial delay, and subsequently with the given
period; that is, executions will commence after
initialDelay
, then initialDelay + period
, then
initialDelay + 2 * period
, and so on.
The sequence of task executions continues indefinitely until one of the following exceptional completions occur:
get
on the returned future will
throw ExecutionException
.
isDone()
on the returned future will
return true
.
If any execution of this task takes longer than its period, then subsequent executions may start late, but will not concurrently execute.
Parameters | |
---|---|
command |
Runnable :
the task to execute |
initialDelay |
long :
the time to delay first execution |
period |
long :
the period between successive executions |
unit |
TimeUnit :
the time unit of the initialDelay and period parameters |
Returns | |
---|---|
ScheduledFuture<?> |
a ScheduledFuture representing pending completion of
the series of repeated tasks. The future's get() method will never return normally,
and will throw an exception upon task cancellation or
abnormal termination of a task execution. |
Throws | |
---|---|
RejectedExecutionException |
|
NullPointerException |
|
IllegalArgumentException |
ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleWithFixedDelay (Runnable command, long initialDelay, long delay, TimeUnit unit)
Creates and executes a periodic action that becomes enabled first after the given initial delay, and subsequently with the given delay between the termination of one execution and the commencement of the next.
The sequence of task executions continues indefinitely until one of the following exceptional completions occur:
get
on the returned future will
throw ExecutionException
.
isDone()
on the returned future will
return true
.
Parameters | |
---|---|
command |
Runnable :
the task to execute |
initialDelay |
long :
the time to delay first execution |
delay |
long :
the delay between the termination of one
execution and the commencement of the next |
unit |
TimeUnit :
the time unit of the initialDelay and delay parameters |
Returns | |
---|---|
ScheduledFuture<?> |
a ScheduledFuture representing pending completion of
the series of repeated tasks. The future's get() method will never return normally,
and will throw an exception upon task cancellation or
abnormal termination of a task execution. |
Throws | |
---|---|
RejectedExecutionException |
|
NullPointerException |
|
IllegalArgumentException |
void setContinueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdownPolicy (boolean value)
Sets the policy on whether to continue executing existing
periodic tasks even when this executor has been shutdown
.
In this case, these tasks will only terminate upon
shutdownNow
or after setting the policy to
false
when already shutdown.
This value is by default false
.
Parameters | |
---|---|
value |
boolean :
if true , continue after shutdown, else don't |
void setExecuteExistingDelayedTasksAfterShutdownPolicy (boolean value)
Sets the policy on whether to execute existing delayed
tasks even when this executor has been shutdown
.
In this case, these tasks will only terminate upon
shutdownNow
, or after setting the policy to
false
when already shutdown.
This value is by default true
.
Parameters | |
---|---|
value |
boolean :
if true , execute after shutdown, else don't |
void setRemoveOnCancelPolicy (boolean value)
Sets the policy on whether cancelled tasks should be immediately
removed from the work queue at time of cancellation. This value is
by default false
.
Parameters | |
---|---|
value |
boolean :
if true , remove on cancellation, else don't |
See also:
void shutdown ()
Initiates an orderly shutdown in which previously submitted tasks are executed, but no new tasks will be accepted. Invocation has no additional effect if already shut down.
This method does not wait for previously submitted tasks to
complete execution. Use awaitTermination
to do that.
If the ExecuteExistingDelayedTasksAfterShutdownPolicy
has been set false
, existing delayed tasks whose delays
have not yet elapsed are cancelled. And unless the ContinueExistingPeriodicTasksAfterShutdownPolicy
has been set
true
, future executions of existing periodic tasks will
be cancelled.
List<Runnable> shutdownNow ()
Attempts to stop all actively executing tasks, halts the processing of waiting tasks, and returns a list of the tasks that were awaiting execution. These tasks are drained (removed) from the task queue upon return from this method.
This method does not wait for actively executing tasks to
terminate. Use awaitTermination
to
do that.
There are no guarantees beyond best-effort attempts to stop
processing actively executing tasks. This implementation
interrupts tasks via interrupt()
; any task that
fails to respond to interrupts may never terminate.
Returns | |
---|---|
List<Runnable> |
list of tasks that never commenced execution.
Each element of this list is a ScheduledFuture .
For tasks submitted via one of the schedule
methods, the element will be identical to the returned
ScheduledFuture . For tasks submitted using
execute , the element will be a
zero-delay ScheduledFuture .
|
Future<?> submit (Runnable task)
Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future
representing that task. The Future's get
method will
return null
upon successful completion.
Parameters | |
---|---|
task |
Runnable :
the task to submit |
Returns | |
---|---|
Future<?> |
a Future representing pending completion of the task |
Throws | |
---|---|
RejectedExecutionException |
|
NullPointerException |
Future<T> submit (Callable<T> task)
Submits a value-returning task for execution and returns a
Future representing the pending results of the task. The
Future's get
method will return the task's result upon
successful completion.
If you would like to immediately block waiting
for a task, you can use constructions of the form
result = exec.submit(aCallable).get();
Note: The Executors
class includes a set of methods
that can convert some other common closure-like objects,
for example, PrivilegedAction
to
Callable
form so they can be submitted.
Parameters | |
---|---|
task |
Callable :
the task to submit |
Returns | |
---|---|
Future<T> |
a Future representing pending completion of the task |
Throws | |
---|---|
RejectedExecutionException |
|
NullPointerException |
Future<T> submit (Runnable task, T result)
Submits a Runnable task for execution and returns a Future
representing that task. The Future's get
method will
return the given result upon successful completion.
Parameters | |
---|---|
task |
Runnable :
the task to submit |
result |
T :
the result to return |
Returns | |
---|---|
Future<T> |
a Future representing pending completion of the task |
Throws | |
---|---|
RejectedExecutionException |
|
NullPointerException |
RunnableScheduledFuture<V> decorateTask (Runnable runnable, RunnableScheduledFuture<V> task)
Modifies or replaces the task used to execute a runnable. This method can be used to override the concrete class used for managing internal tasks. The default implementation simply returns the given task.
Parameters | |
---|---|
runnable |
Runnable :
the submitted Runnable |
task |
RunnableScheduledFuture :
the task created to execute the runnable |
Returns | |
---|---|
RunnableScheduledFuture<V> |
a task that can execute the runnable |
RunnableScheduledFuture<V> decorateTask (Callable<V> callable, RunnableScheduledFuture<V> task)
Modifies or replaces the task used to execute a callable. This method can be used to override the concrete class used for managing internal tasks. The default implementation simply returns the given task.
Parameters | |
---|---|
callable |
Callable :
the submitted Callable |
task |
RunnableScheduledFuture :
the task created to execute the callable |
Returns | |
---|---|
RunnableScheduledFuture<V> |
a task that can execute the callable |