public
class
HashMap
extends AbstractMap<K, V>
implements
Map<K, V>,
Cloneable,
Serializable
| java.lang.Object | ||
| ↳ | java.util.AbstractMap<K, V> | |
| ↳ | java.util.HashMap<K, V> | |
 Known Direct Subclasses
LinkedHashMap<K, V>
|
Hash table based implementation of the Map interface. This implementation provides all of the optional map operations, and permits null values and the null key. (The HashMap class is roughly equivalent to Hashtable, except that it is unsynchronized and permits nulls.) This class makes no guarantees as to the order of the map; in particular, it does not guarantee that the order will remain constant over time.
This implementation provides constant-time performance for the basic operations (get and put), assuming the hash function disperses the elements properly among the buckets. Iteration over collection views requires time proportional to the "capacity" of the HashMap instance (the number of buckets) plus its size (the number of key-value mappings). Thus, it's very important not to set the initial capacity too high (or the load factor too low) if iteration performance is important.
An instance of HashMap has two parameters that affect its performance: initial capacity and load factor. The capacity is the number of buckets in the hash table, and the initial capacity is simply the capacity at the time the hash table is created. The load factor is a measure of how full the hash table is allowed to get before its capacity is automatically increased. When the number of entries in the hash table exceeds the product of the load factor and the current capacity, the hash table is rehashed (that is, internal data structures are rebuilt) so that the hash table has approximately twice the number of buckets.
As a general rule, the default load factor (.75) offers a good tradeoff between time and space costs. Higher values decrease the space overhead but increase the lookup cost (reflected in most of the operations of the HashMap class, including get and put). The expected number of entries in the map and its load factor should be taken into account when setting its initial capacity, so as to minimize the number of rehash operations. If the initial capacity is greater than the maximum number of entries divided by the load factor, no rehash operations will ever occur.
If many mappings are to be stored in a HashMap instance, creating it with a sufficiently large capacity will allow the mappings to be stored more efficiently than letting it perform automatic rehashing as needed to grow the table.
Note that this implementation is not synchronized.
If multiple threads access a hash map concurrently, and at least one of
the threads modifies the map structurally, it must be
synchronized externally. (A structural modification is any operation
that adds or deletes one or more mappings; merely changing the value
associated with a key that an instance already contains is not a
structural modification.) This is typically accomplished by
synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the map.
If no such object exists, the map should be "wrapped" using the
Collections.synchronizedMap
method. This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental
unsynchronized access to the map:
Map m = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap(...));
The iterators returned by all of this class's "collection view methods"
are fail-fast: if the map is structurally modified at any time after
the iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator's own
remove method, the iterator will throw a
ConcurrentModificationException. Thus, in the face of concurrent
modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking
arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the
future.
Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators throw ConcurrentModificationException on a best-effort basis. Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this exception for its correctness: the fail-fast behavior of iterators should be used only to detect bugs.
This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.
See also:
Public constructors | |
|---|---|
HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor)
Constructs an empty HashMap with the specified initial capacity and load factor. |
|
HashMap(int initialCapacity)
Constructs an empty HashMap with the specified initial capacity and the default load factor (0.75). |
|
HashMap()
Constructs an empty HashMap with the default initial capacity (16) and the default load factor (0.75). |
|
HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m)
Constructs a new HashMap with the same mappings as the specified Map. |
|
Public methods | |
|---|---|
void
|
clear()
Removes all of the mappings from this map. |
Object
|
clone()
Returns a shallow copy of this HashMap instance: the keys and values themselves are not cloned. |
boolean
|
containsKey(Object key)
Returns true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key. |
boolean
|
containsValue(Object value)
Returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value. |
Set<Entry<K, V>>
|
entrySet()
Returns a |
void
|
forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action)
Performs the given action for each entry in this map until all entries have been processed or the action throws an exception. |
V
|
get(Object key)
Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
or |
boolean
|
isEmpty()
Returns true if this map contains no key-value mappings. |
Set<K>
|
keySet()
Returns a |
V
|
put(K key, V value)
Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map. |
void
|
putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m)
Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map. |
V
|
remove(Object key)
Removes the mapping for the specified key from this map if present. |
boolean
|
replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue)
Replaces the entry for the specified key only if currently mapped to the specified value. |
void
|
replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function)
Replaces each entry's value with the result of invoking the given function on that entry until all entries have been processed or the function throws an exception. |
int
|
size()
Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map. |
Collection<V>
|
values()
Returns a |
Inherited methods | |
|---|---|
From
class
java.util.AbstractMap
| |
From
class
java.lang.Object
| |
From
interface
java.util.Map
| |
Developers
HashMap (int initialCapacity,
float loadFactor)
Constructs an empty HashMap with the specified initial capacity and load factor.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
initialCapacity |
int:
the initial capacity |
loadFactor |
float:
the load factor |
| Throws | |
|---|---|
IllegalArgumentException |
if the initial capacity is negative or the load factor is nonpositive |
HashMap (int initialCapacity)
Constructs an empty HashMap with the specified initial capacity and the default load factor (0.75).
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
initialCapacity |
int:
the initial capacity. |
| Throws | |
|---|---|
IllegalArgumentException |
if the initial capacity is negative. |
HashMap ()
Constructs an empty HashMap with the default initial capacity (16) and the default load factor (0.75).
HashMap (Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m)
Constructs a new HashMap with the same mappings as the specified Map. The HashMap is created with default load factor (0.75) and an initial capacity sufficient to hold the mappings in the specified Map.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
m |
Map:
the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map |
| Throws | |
|---|---|
NullPointerException |
if the specified map is null |
void clear ()
Removes all of the mappings from this map. The map will be empty after this call returns.
Object clone ()
Returns a shallow copy of this HashMap instance: the keys and values themselves are not cloned.
| Returns | |
|---|---|
Object |
a shallow copy of this map |
boolean containsKey (Object key)
Returns true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
key |
Object:
The key whose presence in this map is to be tested |
| Returns | |
|---|---|
boolean |
true if this map contains a mapping for the specified key. |
boolean containsValue (Object value)
Returns true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
value |
Object:
value whose presence in this map is to be tested |
| Returns | |
|---|---|
boolean |
true if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value |
Set<Entry<K, V>> entrySet ()
Returns a Set view of the mappings contained in this map.
The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified
while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
the iterator's own remove operation, or through the
setValue operation on a map entry returned by the
iterator) the results of the iteration are undefined. The set
supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove,
Set.remove, removeAll, retainAll and
clear operations. It does not support the
add or addAll operations.
| Returns | |
|---|---|
Set<Entry<K, V>> |
a set view of the mappings contained in this map |
void forEach (BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action)
Performs the given action for each entry in this map until all entries have been processed or the action throws an exception. Unless otherwise specified by the implementing class, actions are performed in the order of entry set iteration (if an iteration order is specified.) Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
action |
BiConsumer:
The action to be performed for each entry |
V get (Object key)
Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped,
or null if this map contains no mapping for the key.
More formally, if this map contains a mapping from a key
k to a value v such that (key==null ? k==null :
key.equals(k)), then this method returns v; otherwise
it returns null. (There can be at most one such mapping.)
A return value of null does not necessarily
indicate that the map contains no mapping for the key; it's also
possible that the map explicitly maps the key to null.
The containsKey operation may be used to
distinguish these two cases.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
key |
Object:
the key whose associated value is to be returned |
| Returns | |
|---|---|
V |
the value to which the specified key is mapped, or
null if this map contains no mapping for the key |
See also:
boolean isEmpty ()
Returns true if this map contains no key-value mappings.
| Returns | |
|---|---|
boolean |
true if this map contains no key-value mappings |
Set<K> keySet ()
Returns a Set view of the keys contained in this map.
The set is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
reflected in the set, and vice-versa. If the map is modified
while an iteration over the set is in progress (except through
the iterator's own remove operation), the results of
the iteration are undefined. The set supports element removal,
which removes the corresponding mapping from the map, via the
Iterator.remove, Set.remove,
removeAll, retainAll, and clear
operations. It does not support the add or addAll
operations.
| Returns | |
|---|---|
Set<K> |
a set view of the keys contained in this map |
V put (K key,
V value)
Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map. If the map previously contained a mapping for the key, the old value is replaced.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
key |
K:
key with which the specified value is to be associated |
value |
V:
value to be associated with the specified key |
| Returns | |
|---|---|
V |
the previous value associated with key, or null if there was no mapping for key. (A null return can also indicate that the map previously associated null with key.) |
void putAll (Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m)
Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map. These mappings will replace any mappings that this map had for any of the keys currently in the specified map.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
m |
Map:
mappings to be stored in this map |
| Throws | |
|---|---|
NullPointerException |
if the specified map is null |
V remove (Object key)
Removes the mapping for the specified key from this map if present.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
key |
Object:
key whose mapping is to be removed from the map |
| Returns | |
|---|---|
V |
the previous value associated with key, or null if there was no mapping for key. (A null return can also indicate that the map previously associated null with key.) |
boolean replace (K key,
V oldValue,
V newValue)
Replaces the entry for the specified key only if currently mapped to the specified value.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
key |
K:
key with which the specified value is associated |
oldValue |
V:
value expected to be associated with the specified key |
newValue |
V:
value to be associated with the specified key |
| Returns | |
|---|---|
boolean |
true if the value was replaced |
void replaceAll (BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function)
Replaces each entry's value with the result of invoking the given function on that entry until all entries have been processed or the function throws an exception. Exceptions thrown by the function are relayed to the caller.
| Parameters | |
|---|---|
function |
BiFunction:
the function to apply to each entry |
int size ()
Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map.
| Returns | |
|---|---|
int |
the number of key-value mappings in this map |
Collection<V> values ()
Returns a Collection view of the values contained in this map.
The collection is backed by the map, so changes to the map are
reflected in the collection, and vice-versa. If the map is
modified while an iteration over the collection is in progress
(except through the iterator's own remove operation),
the results of the iteration are undefined. The collection
supports element removal, which removes the corresponding
mapping from the map, via the Iterator.remove,
Collection.remove, removeAll,
retainAll and clear operations. It does not
support the add or addAll operations.
| Returns | |
|---|---|
Collection<V> |
a collection view of the values contained in this map |