public
class
ArrayList
extends AbstractList<E>
implements
List<E>,
RandomAccess,
Cloneable,
Serializable
java.lang.Object | |||
↳ | java.util.AbstractCollection<E> | ||
↳ | java.util.AbstractList<E> | ||
↳ | java.util.ArrayList<E> |
Known Direct Subclasses |
Resizable-array implementation of the List interface. Implements all optional list operations, and permits all elements, including null. In addition to implementing the List interface, this class provides methods to manipulate the size of the array that is used internally to store the list. (This class is roughly equivalent to Vector, except that it is unsynchronized.)
The size, isEmpty, get, set, iterator, and listIterator operations run in constant time. The add operation runs in amortized constant time, that is, adding n elements requires O(n) time. All of the other operations run in linear time (roughly speaking). The constant factor is low compared to that for the LinkedList implementation.
Each ArrayList instance has a capacity. The capacity is the size of the array used to store the elements in the list. It is always at least as large as the list size. As elements are added to an ArrayList, its capacity grows automatically. The details of the growth policy are not specified beyond the fact that adding an element has constant amortized time cost.
An application can increase the capacity of an ArrayList instance before adding a large number of elements using the ensureCapacity operation. This may reduce the amount of incremental reallocation.
Note that this implementation is not synchronized.
If multiple threads access an ArrayList instance concurrently,
and at least one of the threads modifies the list structurally, it
must be synchronized externally. (A structural modification is
any operation that adds or deletes one or more elements, or explicitly
resizes the backing array; merely setting the value of an element is not
a structural modification.) This is typically accomplished by
synchronizing on some object that naturally encapsulates the list.
If no such object exists, the list should be "wrapped" using the
Collections.synchronizedList
method. This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental
unsynchronized access to the list:
List list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList(...));
The iterators returned by this class's iterator
and
listIterator
methods are fail-fast:
if the list is structurally modified at any time after the iterator is
created, in any way except through the iterator's own
remove
or
add
methods, the iterator will throw a
ConcurrentModificationException
. Thus, in the face of
concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather
than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined
time in the future.
Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed
as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the
presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators
throw ConcurrentModificationException
on a best-effort basis.
Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
exception for its correctness: the fail-fast behavior of iterators
should be used only to detect bugs.
This class is a member of the Java Collections Framework.
See also:
Inherited fields |
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From
class
java.util.AbstractList
|
Public constructors | |
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ArrayList(int initialCapacity)
Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity. |
|
ArrayList()
Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten. |
|
ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c)
Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's iterator. |
Public methods | |
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boolean
|
add(E e)
Appends the specified element to the end of this list. |
void
|
add(int index, E element)
Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this list. |
boolean
|
addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)
Appends all of the elements in the specified collection to the end of this list, in the order that they are returned by the specified collection's Iterator. |
boolean
|
addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c)
Inserts all of the elements in the specified collection into this list, starting at the specified position. |
void
|
clear()
Removes all of the elements from this list. |
Object
|
clone()
Returns a shallow copy of this ArrayList instance. |
boolean
|
contains(Object o)
Returns true if this list contains the specified element. |
void
|
ensureCapacity(int minCapacity)
Increases the capacity of this ArrayList instance, if necessary, to ensure that it can hold at least the number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument. |
void
|
forEach(Consumer<? super E> action)
|
E
|
get(int index)
Returns the element at the specified position in this list. |
int
|
indexOf(Object o)
Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element. |
boolean
|
isEmpty()
Returns true if this list contains no elements. |
Iterator<E>
|
iterator()
Returns an iterator over the elements in this list in proper sequence. |
int
|
lastIndexOf(Object o)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified element in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element. |
ListIterator<E>
|
listIterator(int index)
Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper sequence), starting at the specified position in the list. |
ListIterator<E>
|
listIterator()
Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper sequence). |
E
|
remove(int index)
Removes the element at the specified position in this list. |
boolean
|
remove(Object o)
Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list, if it is present. |
boolean
|
removeAll(Collection<?> c)
Removes from this list all of its elements that are contained in the specified collection. |
boolean
|
removeIf(Predicate<? super E> filter)
Removes all of the elements of this collection that satisfy the given predicate. |
void
|
replaceAll(UnaryOperator<E> operator)
Replaces each element of this list with the result of applying the operator to that element. |
boolean
|
retainAll(Collection<?> c)
Retains only the elements in this list that are contained in the specified collection. |
E
|
set(int index, E element)
Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with the specified element. |
int
|
size()
Returns the number of elements in this list. |
void
|
sort(Comparator<? super E> c)
Sorts this list using the supplied |
Spliterator<E>
|
spliterator()
Creates a late-binding
and fail-fast |
List<E>
|
subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex)
Returns a view of the portion of this list between the specified
|
Object[]
|
toArray()
Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list in proper sequence (from first to last element). |
<T>
T[]
|
toArray(T[] a)
Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list in proper sequence (from first to last element); the runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array. |
void
|
trimToSize()
Trims the capacity of this ArrayList instance to be the list's current size. |
Protected methods | |
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void
|
removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex)
Removes from this list all of the elements whose index is between
|
Inherited methods | |
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From
class
java.util.AbstractList
| |
From
class
java.util.AbstractCollection
| |
From
class
java.lang.Object
| |
From
interface
java.util.List
| |
From
interface
java.util.Collection
| |
From
interface
java.lang.Iterable
|
ArrayList (int initialCapacity)
Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
Parameters | |
---|---|
initialCapacity |
int :
the initial capacity of the list |
Throws | |
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IllegalArgumentException |
if the specified initial capacity is negative |
ArrayList ()
Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
ArrayList (Collection<? extends E> c)
Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's iterator.
Parameters | |
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c |
Collection :
the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list |
Throws | |
---|---|
NullPointerException |
if the specified collection is null |
boolean add (E e)
Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
Parameters | |
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e |
E :
element to be appended to this list |
Returns | |
---|---|
boolean |
true (as specified by add(E) )
|
void add (int index, E element)
Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
Parameters | |
---|---|
index |
int :
index at which the specified element is to be inserted |
element |
E :
element to be inserted |
Throws | |
---|---|
IndexOutOfBoundsException |
boolean addAll (Collection<? extends E> c)
Appends all of the elements in the specified collection to the end of this list, in the order that they are returned by the specified collection's Iterator. The behavior of this operation is undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation is in progress. (This implies that the behavior of this call is undefined if the specified collection is this list, and this list is nonempty.)
Parameters | |
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c |
Collection :
collection containing elements to be added to this list |
Returns | |
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boolean |
true if this list changed as a result of the call |
Throws | |
---|---|
NullPointerException |
if the specified collection is null |
boolean addAll (int index, Collection<? extends E> c)
Inserts all of the elements in the specified collection into this list, starting at the specified position. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to the right (increases their indices). The new elements will appear in the list in the order that they are returned by the specified collection's iterator.
Parameters | |
---|---|
index |
int :
index at which to insert the first element from the
specified collection |
c |
Collection :
collection containing elements to be added to this list |
Returns | |
---|---|
boolean |
true if this list changed as a result of the call |
Throws | |
---|---|
IndexOutOfBoundsException |
|
NullPointerException |
if the specified collection is null |
void clear ()
Removes all of the elements from this list. The list will be empty after this call returns.
Object clone ()
Returns a shallow copy of this ArrayList instance. (The elements themselves are not copied.)
Returns | |
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Object |
a clone of this ArrayList instance |
boolean contains (Object o)
Returns true if this list contains the specified element. More formally, returns true if and only if this list contains at least one element e such that (o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e)).
Parameters | |
---|---|
o |
Object :
element whose presence in this list is to be tested |
Returns | |
---|---|
boolean |
true if this list contains the specified element |
void ensureCapacity (int minCapacity)
Increases the capacity of this ArrayList instance, if necessary, to ensure that it can hold at least the number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
Parameters | |
---|---|
minCapacity |
int :
the desired minimum capacity
|
E get (int index)
Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
Parameters | |
---|---|
index |
int :
index of the element to return |
Returns | |
---|---|
E |
the element at the specified position in this list |
Throws | |
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IndexOutOfBoundsException |
int indexOf (Object o)
Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element. More formally, returns the lowest index i such that (o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i))), or -1 if there is no such index.
Parameters | |
---|---|
o |
Object :
element to search for |
Returns | |
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int |
the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element |
boolean isEmpty ()
Returns true if this list contains no elements.
Returns | |
---|---|
boolean |
true if this list contains no elements |
Iterator<E> iterator ()
Returns an iterator over the elements in this list in proper sequence.
The returned iterator is fail-fast.
Returns | |
---|---|
Iterator<E> |
an iterator over the elements in this list in proper sequence |
int lastIndexOf (Object o)
Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified element in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element. More formally, returns the highest index i such that (o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i))), or -1 if there is no such index.
Parameters | |
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o |
Object :
element to search for |
Returns | |
---|---|
int |
the index of the last occurrence of the specified element in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element |
ListIterator<E> listIterator (int index)
Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper
sequence), starting at the specified position in the list.
The specified index indicates the first element that would be
returned by an initial call to next
.
An initial call to previous
would
return the element with the specified index minus one.
The returned list iterator is fail-fast.
Parameters | |
---|---|
index |
int :
index of the first element to be returned from the
list iterator (by a call to next ) |
Returns | |
---|---|
ListIterator<E> |
a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper sequence), starting at the specified position in the list |
Throws | |
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IndexOutOfBoundsException |
ListIterator<E> listIterator ()
Returns a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper sequence).
The returned list iterator is fail-fast.
Returns | |
---|---|
ListIterator<E> |
a list iterator over the elements in this list (in proper sequence) |
See also:
E remove (int index)
Removes the element at the specified position in this list. Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their indices).
Parameters | |
---|---|
index |
int :
the index of the element to be removed |
Returns | |
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E |
the element that was removed from the list |
Throws | |
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IndexOutOfBoundsException |
boolean remove (Object o)
Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list, if it is present. If the list does not contain the element, it is unchanged. More formally, removes the element with the lowest index i such that (o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i))) (if such an element exists). Returns true if this list contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this list changed as a result of the call).
Parameters | |
---|---|
o |
Object :
element to be removed from this list, if present |
Returns | |
---|---|
boolean |
true if this list contained the specified element |
boolean removeAll (Collection<?> c)
Removes from this list all of its elements that are contained in the specified collection.
Parameters | |
---|---|
c |
Collection :
collection containing elements to be removed from this list |
Returns | |
---|---|
boolean |
true if this list changed as a result of the call |
Throws | |
---|---|
ClassCastException |
if the class of an element of this list is incompatible with the specified collection (optional) |
NullPointerException |
if this list contains a null element and the specified collection does not permit null elements (optional), or if the specified collection is null |
See also:
boolean removeIf (Predicate<? super E> filter)
Removes all of the elements of this collection that satisfy the given predicate. Errors or runtime exceptions thrown during iteration or by the predicate are relayed to the caller.
Parameters | |
---|---|
filter |
Predicate :
a predicate which returns true for elements to be
removed |
Returns | |
---|---|
boolean |
true if any elements were removed |
void replaceAll (UnaryOperator<E> operator)
Replaces each element of this list with the result of applying the operator to that element. Errors or runtime exceptions thrown by the operator are relayed to the caller.
Parameters | |
---|---|
operator |
UnaryOperator :
the operator to apply to each element |
boolean retainAll (Collection<?> c)
Retains only the elements in this list that are contained in the specified collection. In other words, removes from this list all of its elements that are not contained in the specified collection.
Parameters | |
---|---|
c |
Collection :
collection containing elements to be retained in this list |
Returns | |
---|---|
boolean |
true if this list changed as a result of the call |
Throws | |
---|---|
ClassCastException |
if the class of an element of this list is incompatible with the specified collection (optional) |
NullPointerException |
if this list contains a null element and the specified collection does not permit null elements (optional), or if the specified collection is null |
See also:
E set (int index, E element)
Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with the specified element.
Parameters | |
---|---|
index |
int :
index of the element to replace |
element |
E :
element to be stored at the specified position |
Returns | |
---|---|
E |
the element previously at the specified position |
Throws | |
---|---|
IndexOutOfBoundsException |
int size ()
Returns the number of elements in this list.
Returns | |
---|---|
int |
the number of elements in this list |
void sort (Comparator<? super E> c)
Sorts this list using the supplied Comparator
to compare elements.
Parameters | |
---|---|
c |
Comparator :
the Comparator used to compare list elements.
A null value indicates that the elements'
natural ordering should be used |
Spliterator<E> spliterator ()
Creates a late-binding
and fail-fast Spliterator
over the elements in this
list.
The Spliterator
reports SIZED
,
SUBSIZED
, and ORDERED
.
Overriding implementations should document the reporting of additional
characteristic values.
Returns | |
---|---|
Spliterator<E> |
a Spliterator over the elements in this list |
List<E> subList (int fromIndex, int toIndex)
Returns a view of the portion of this list between the specified
fromIndex
, inclusive, and toIndex
, exclusive. (If
fromIndex
and toIndex
are equal, the returned list is
empty.) The returned list is backed by this list, so non-structural
changes in the returned list are reflected in this list, and vice-versa.
The returned list supports all of the optional list operations.
This method eliminates the need for explicit range operations (of the sort that commonly exist for arrays). Any operation that expects a list can be used as a range operation by passing a subList view instead of a whole list. For example, the following idiom removes a range of elements from a list:
list.subList(from, to).clear();Similar idioms may be constructed for
indexOf(Object)
and
lastIndexOf(Object)
, and all of the algorithms in the
Collections
class can be applied to a subList.
The semantics of the list returned by this method become undefined if the backing list (i.e., this list) is structurally modified in any way other than via the returned list. (Structural modifications are those that change the size of this list, or otherwise perturb it in such a fashion that iterations in progress may yield incorrect results.)
Parameters | |
---|---|
fromIndex |
int :
low endpoint (inclusive) of the subList |
toIndex |
int :
high endpoint (exclusive) of the subList |
Returns | |
---|---|
List<E> |
a view of the specified range within this list |
Throws | |
---|---|
IndexOutOfBoundsException |
|
IllegalArgumentException |
Object[] toArray ()
Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list in proper sequence (from first to last element).
The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are maintained by this list. (In other words, this method must allocate a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.
This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs.
Returns | |
---|---|
Object[] |
an array containing all of the elements in this list in proper sequence |
T[] toArray (T[] a)
Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list in proper sequence (from first to last element); the runtime type of the returned array is that of the specified array. If the list fits in the specified array, it is returned therein. Otherwise, a new array is allocated with the runtime type of the specified array and the size of this list.
If the list fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e., the array has more elements than the list), the element in the array immediately following the end of the collection is set to null. (This is useful in determining the length of the list only if the caller knows that the list does not contain any null elements.)
Parameters | |
---|---|
a |
T :
the array into which the elements of the list are to
be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the
same runtime type is allocated for this purpose. |
Returns | |
---|---|
T[] |
an array containing the elements of the list |
Throws | |
---|---|
ArrayStoreException |
if the runtime type of the specified array is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in this list |
NullPointerException |
if the specified array is null |
void trimToSize ()
Trims the capacity of this ArrayList instance to be the list's current size. An application can use this operation to minimize the storage of an ArrayList instance.
void removeRange (int fromIndex, int toIndex)
Removes from this list all of the elements whose index is between
fromIndex
, inclusive, and toIndex
, exclusive.
Shifts any succeeding elements to the left (reduces their index).
This call shortens the list by (toIndex - fromIndex)
elements.
(If toIndex==fromIndex
, this operation has no effect.)
Parameters | |
---|---|
fromIndex |
int :
index of first element to be removed |
toIndex |
int :
index after last element to be removed
|
Throws | |
---|---|
IndexOutOfBoundsException |
if fromIndex or
toIndex is out of range
(fromIndex < 0 ||
fromIndex >= size() ||
toIndex > size() ||
toIndex < fromIndex )
|